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BACKGROUND
Four structurally related IL1 receptor ligands have been described. These include three agonists designated IL1α, IL1β and IL1γ/IL18 and a specific receptor antagonist, IL1Rα. IL1α and IL1β play critical roles in the regulation of the immune response and inflammation, serving as activators of T and B lymphocytes and NK （natural killer） cells. IL18 （also referred to as IL1γ） has been shown to augment the secretion of IFNγ from T lymphocytes and increase NK cell activity in spleen cells. IL18 exhibits 19% and 12% identity with IL1α and IL1β respectively over the twelve βstrands of the βtrefoil fold domain, which is a signature feature of the IL1 family. The unusual leader sequence of IL18 may be analogous to the IL1β prodomain which must be cleaved by the serine protease ICE for optimal secretion and biological activity. Originally described as IGIF （IFNγinducing factor）, IL18 is induced by mouse liver subsequent to challenge with lipopolysaccharide （LPS）.
REFERENCES
1 March, C.J., et al. 1985. Cloning, sequence and expression of two distinct human interleukin1 complementary DNAs. Nature 315: 641647.
2 Nakamura, K., et al. 1993. Purification of a factor which provides a costimulatory signal for γ interferon production. Infect. Immun. 61: 6470.
CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION
Genetic locus: Il18 （mouse） mapping to 9 A5.3.
SOURCE
IL18 （M19） is an affinity purified goat polyclonal antibody raised against a peptide mapping at the Cterminus of IL18 of mouse origin.
PRODUCT
Each vial contains 200 µg IgG in 1.0 ml of PBS with < 0.1% sodium azide and 0.1% gelatin.
Blocking peptide available for competition studies, sc6179 P, （100 µg peptide in 0.5 ml PBS containing < 0.1% sodium azide and 0.2% BSA）.
APPLICATIONS
IL18 （M19） is recommended for detection of IL18 of mouse and rat origin by Western Blotting （starting dilution 1:200, dilution range 1:1001:1000）, immunoprecipitation [12 µg per 100500 µg of total protein （1 ml of cell lysate）], immunofluorescence （starting dilution 1:50, dilution range 1:501:500） and solid phase ELISA （starting dilution 1:30, dilution range 1:301:3000）.
Suitable for use as control antibody for IL18 siRNA （m）: sc39658, IL18 shRNA Plasmid （m）: sc39658SH and IL18 shRNA （m） Lentiviral Particles: sc39658V.
Molecular Weight of IL18 inactive precursor: 24 kDa.
Molecular Weight of mature IL18: 18 kDa.
Positive Controls: Mouse liver extract: sc2256 or NIH/3T3 whole cell lysate: sc2210.
STORAGE Store at 4° C, **DO NOT FREEZE**. Stable for one year from the date of shipment. Nonhazardous. No MSDS required.
SELECT PRODUCT CITATIONS
1 Bisgaard, H., et al. 1999. Modulation of the gene network connected to interferonγ in liver regeneration from oval cells. Am. J. Pathol. 155: 10751085.
2 Woldbaek, P.R., et al. 2003. Increased cardiac IL18 mRNA, proIL18 and plasma IL18 after myocardial infarction in the mouse; a potential role in cardiac dysfunction. Cardiovasc. Res. 59: 122131.
3 van Holten, J., et al. 2004. Treatment with recombinant interferonβ reduces inflammation and slows cartilage destruction in the collageninduced arthritis model of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res. Ther. 6: R239R249.
4 Wang, X., et al. 2006. Disruption of interleukin18, but not interleukin1, increases vulnerability to preterm delivery and fetal mortality after intrauterine inflammation. Am. J. Pathol. 169: 967976.
5 Qiu, L., et al. 2007. Less neurogenesis and inflammation in the immature than in the juvenile brain after cerebral hypoxiaischemia. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 27: 785794.
6 Bergsbaken, T., et al. 2007. Macrophage activation redirects yersiniainfected host cell death from apoptosis to caspase1dependent pyroptosis. PLoS Pathog. 3: e161.
7 Hsiang, C.Y., et al. 2009. Nuclear factorκB bioluminescence imagingguided transcriptomic analysis for the assessment of hostbiomaterial interaction in vivo. Biomaterials 30: 30423049.
8 Zhu, C., et al. 2009. Agedependent regenerative responses in the striatum and cortex after hypoxiaischemia. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 29: 342354.
RESEARCH USE
For research use only, not for use in diagnostic procedures.
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